About Calathea orbifolia
Calathea orbifolia Introduction
Calathea, a genus of plants belonging to the family Marantaceae, is renowned for its stunning foliage and diverse patterns. Native to the tropical regions of the Americas, particularly Brazil, these plants have become popular houseplants due to their ornamental leaves and air-purifying qualities.
Calatheas are known for their large, oval-shaped leaves that often display intricate patterns of various colors, including shades of green, pink, red, and white. The undersides of the leaves are typically a deep purple or burgundy color, adding to their visual appeal. One of the most fascinating features of Calatheas is their nyctinastic movement, where the leaves fold up at night and open again in the morning, earning them the nickname (prayer plants.)
There are over 300 species of Calathea, each with its unique leaf patterns and colors. Some popular varieties include Calathea ornata (Pinstripe plant), Calathea lancifolia (Rattlesnake plant), and Calathea makoyana (Peacock plant). These plants are not only prized for their beauty but also for their ability to thrive in low-light conditions, making them ideal for indoor spaces with limited natural light.
Calathea orbifolia Care & Growing Guide
Caring for Calathea plants requires attention to detail and a consistent routine to ensure their health and vibrant appearance. These tropical beauties thrive in environments that mimic their native habitat, with high humidity, warm temperatures, and indirect light.
One of the most critical aspects of Calathea care is maintaining proper humidity levels. These plants prefer humidity levels of 60% or higher, which can be achieved through regular misting, using a pebble tray filled with water, or placing a humidifier nearby. Consistent moisture is also essential, as Calatheas prefer their soil to be consistently moist but not waterlogged. It’s important to use filtered or distilled water, as these plants are sensitive to chemicals commonly found in tap water.
Lighting is another crucial factor in Calathea care. They thrive in bright, indirect light but can tolerate lower light conditions. Direct sunlight can scorch their delicate leaves, causing discoloration and damage. Regular fertilization during the growing season, proper potting in well-draining soil, and occasional pruning to remove damaged leaves will help maintain the plant’s health and appearance. With proper care, Calatheas can be long-lived and rewarding houseplants, bringing a touch of tropical beauty to any indoor space.
Soil
Calatheas thrive in well-draining, nutrient-rich soil with a pH range of 6.5 to 7.0 (slightly acidic to neutral). The ideal soil composition should be a mix of peat moss, perlite, and potting soil to ensure proper moisture retention and aeration. Good drainage is crucial to prevent root rot, a common issue with these plants.
The soil should be able to retain some moisture while allowing excess water to drain freely. A mixture of 50% potting soil, 20% orchid bark, 20% charcoal, and 10% perlite can provide an excellent growing medium for Calatheas. This composition helps maintain the right balance of moisture and air around the roots.
Calatheas benefit from soil amendments such as organic matter or compost, which can improve soil structure and provide essential nutrients. Avoid using heavy soils or those that compact easily, as this can lead to poor drainage and root problems.
Soil problems that can affect Calatheas include:
1. Poor drainage: Can lead to root rot and fungal diseases.
2. Compaction: Restricts root growth and oxygen availability.
3. Inappropriate pH: Can affect nutrient uptake and overall plant health.
4. Salt build-up: Often caused by over-fertilization or hard water, can damage roots.
5. Nutrient deficiencies: May occur in poor-quality soils or due to improper pH.
6. Root boundness: Can occur if the plant outgrows its pot, restricting nutrient and water uptake.
Fertilizer
Calatheas benefit from regular fertilization during their active growing season (spring and summer). Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4-6 weeks. Alternatively, a slow-release fertilizer can be applied at the beginning of the growing season.
Signs of over-fertilization:
– Leaf tip burn
– Crusty soil surface
– Stunted growth
Signs of under-fertilization:
– Pale or yellowing leaves
– Slow growth
– Smaller new leaves
Organic alternatives include compost tea, worm castings, or fish emulsion. These can provide a gentler, more balanced nutrient supply.
Calatheas are particularly sensitive to fluoride and can develop brown leaf tips if exposed to high levels. Use a fertilizer low in fluoride, and flush the soil occasionally with distilled water to prevent salt build-up.
During the winter months, reduce or stop fertilization as the plant’s growth slows. Resume regular feeding in spring when new growth begins.
Watering
Calatheas prefer consistently moist soil but are sensitive to overwatering. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. These plants are sensitive to chemicals in tap water, so it’s best to use distilled, filtered, or rainwater at room temperature.
Signs of underwatering include:
– Curling or crispy leaf edges
– Drooping leaves
– Slow growth
Signs of overwatering include:
– Yellowing leaves
– Soft, mushy stems
– Fungal growth on soil surface
Watering needs may change seasonally. During the growing season (spring and summer), Calatheas may need more frequent watering. In winter, reduce watering frequency as the plant’s growth slows. Always check the soil moisture before watering and adjust based on the plant’s needs and environmental conditions.
Lighting
Calatheas thrive in bright, indirect light. They are adapted to growing on the forest floor beneath the canopy of larger trees, so they prefer filtered light that mimics these conditions. Ideal locations include north or east-facing windows, or a few feet away from a south or west-facing window with a sheer curtain for protection.
Signs of insufficient light include:
– Slow growth or no new leaf production
– Fading of leaf patterns
– Leaves becoming smaller over time
Signs of excessive light exposure include:
– Leaf curling or crisping
– Bleached or scorched patches on leaves
– Loss of vibrant colors in leaf patterns
If natural light conditions are suboptimal, consider using artificial grow lights to supplement. LED grow lights can be particularly effective for Calatheas. Place the lights about 12-18 inches above the plant and provide 12-14 hours of light per day. Rotate the plant regularly to ensure even growth and maintain the plant’s attractive shape.
Temperature
Calatheas thrive in warm temperatures ranging from 65Β°F to 80Β°F (18Β°C to 27Β°C). They can tolerate slightly cooler temperatures down to 60Β°F (15Β°C) but will suffer if exposed to temperatures below this for extended periods.
These plants are sensitive to cold drafts and sudden temperature fluctuations. Avoid placing them near air conditioning vents, drafty windows, or exterior doors. In winter, move plants away from cold windows to protect them from chilly air.
If temperatures drop below 60Β°F (15Β°C), consider using a heating mat beneath the pot to maintain warmth around the roots. In extremely hot conditions above 85Β°F (29Β°C), increase humidity and ensure good air circulation to prevent heat stress.
Signs of temperature stress include leaf curling, drooping, or discoloration. If exposed to cold temperatures, leaves may develop dark, water-soaked patches that eventually turn necrotic.
Humidity
Calatheas thrive in high humidity environments, preferring levels between 60-80%. These tropical plants struggle in dry conditions, which are common in many indoor environments.
To increase humidity:
1. Use a pebble tray filled with water placed beneath the pot
2. Group plants together to create a microclimate
3. Use a room humidifier
4. Mist the leaves regularly, but avoid this if it leads to water spots
To decrease humidity (rarely necessary):
1. Improve air circulation with fans
2. Use a dehumidifier if the environment is excessively damp
Symptoms of low humidity stress:
– Crispy, brown leaf edges
– Curling leaves
– Leaf drop
Symptoms of excessive humidity (rare):
– Fungal growth on leaves or soil
– Soft, mushy stems
For Calatheas, pebble trays and room humidifiers are often the most effective methods. Misting can help but may not provide consistent humidity. Avoid placing the plant near heating vents or air conditioners, which can create dry air pockets.
Propagation
Calatheas can be propagated through division, which is the most reliable method. Here’s a step-by-step guide:
1. Choose a healthy, mature plant for division.
2. Water the plant thoroughly a day before dividing to reduce stress.
3. Carefully remove the plant from its pot.
4. Gently shake off excess soil to expose the root system.
5. Look for natural divisions in the root ball or separate sections with multiple stems.
6. Using clean, sharp scissors or a knife, cut through the roots to separate the divisions.
7. Ensure each division has a good amount of roots and at least 2-3 leaves.
8. Pot each division in fresh, well-draining potting mix.
9. Water thoroughly and place in a warm, humid location with indirect light.
10. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
Propagation is best done in spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing. It typically takes 4-6 weeks for new divisions to establish. While stem cuttings are possible for some Calathea species, they have a lower success rate compared to division.
Division has a high success rate (80-90%) when done correctly. Stem cuttings, if attempted, have a lower success rate (30-50%) and require very high humidity to root successfully.
Potting
Calatheas prefer pots with good drainage holes to prevent water accumulation. Ceramic or plastic pots work well, with plastic retaining moisture longer. Choose a pot 1-2 inches larger in diameter than the current one when repotting.
Repot Calatheas every 1-2 years or when they outgrow their current container. The best time to repot is in spring or early summer during the active growing season.
Signs that indicate repotting is needed:
– Roots growing out of drainage holes
– Water draining too quickly
– Plant becoming top-heavy or unstable
– Slowed growth despite proper care
When repotting:
1. Gently remove the plant from its current pot
2. Inspect roots and trim any that are dead or rotting
3. Place in the new pot with fresh, well-draining potting mix
4. Water thoroughly and place in a warm, humid spot with indirect light
Root pruning is generally not necessary for Calatheas unless they’re severely root-bound. If needed, trim no more than 20% of the roots. After repotting, maintain higher humidity and avoid fertilizing for a month to reduce transplant stress.
Pruning
Pruning Calathea Plants
Best Time for Pruning
Prune Calatheas during the growing season (spring and summer) for best results.
Frequency
Prune as needed to remove damaged or yellowing leaves, typically every few months.
Purpose
Pruning helps maintain plant health, appearance, and encourages new growth.
Tools Needed
- Clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears
- Rubbing alcohol for sterilization
Step-by-Step Guide
- Sterilize your pruning tools with rubbing alcohol.
- Identify leaves that are yellowing, browning, or damaged.
- Cut the leaf stem (petiole) close to the base of the plant.
- For partially damaged leaves, trim off the affected portion, following the leaf’s natural shape.
- Remove any dead or dying stems at the base.
- Dispose of the pruned material to prevent disease spread.
Aftercare
After pruning, maintain regular care routines. Avoid fertilizing for a few weeks to prevent stress.
Special Considerations
Be cautious not to remove more than 20% of the plant’s foliage at once. If extensive pruning is needed, spread it out over several sessions.
Blooming
Calatheas are primarily grown for their foliage, and flowering is rare in indoor conditions. When they do bloom, it typically occurs in spring or summer. The flowers are usually small and inconspicuous, often hidden beneath the leaves. They may last for several weeks but are not the main attraction of the plant. Optimal conditions for blooming include high humidity, warm temperatures, and proper light exposure.
Pests and Diseases
Pests
Common issues
Spider mites
Mealybugs
Scale insects
Fungus gnats
Symptoms
Spider mites: Fine webbing on leaves, stippling on leaf surfaces
Mealybugs: White, cottony masses on leaves and stems
Scale: Small, brown, shell-like bumps on stems and leaves
Fungus gnats: Small flies around the plant, larvae in the soil
Treatment
Isolate infected plants
Wipe leaves with a damp cloth to remove pests
Use insecticidal soap or neem oil for persistent infestations
For fungus gnats, allow soil to dry between waterings and use sticky traps
Diseases
Common issues
Root rot
Leaf spot diseases
Powdery mildew
Symptoms
Root rot: Yellowing leaves, wilting, mushy stems
Leaf spot: Brown or black spots on leaves
Powdery mildew: White, powdery coating on leaves
Treatment
Root rot: Remove affected parts, repot in fresh soil, reduce watering
Leaf spot: Remove affected leaves, improve air circulation, avoid overhead watering
Powdery mildew: Increase air circulation, use fungicidal treatments if severe
Special Features
Calatheas are known for their striking foliage patterns and colors, making them popular ornamental plants. They have air-purifying qualities, removing toxins from the air. Their leaves exhibit nyctinastic movements, folding up at night and opening during the day, earning them the nickname (prayer plants.)
Plant Benefits
Calatheas are primarily grown for ornamental purposes and their air-purifying qualities. While they don’t have significant herbal or pharmaceutical benefits, they can help improve indoor air quality by removing toxins such as formaldehyde, benzene, and carbon monoxide from the air.
Additional Information
Calatheas are known for their sensitivity to fluoride and chlorine in tap water. Using distilled, rainwater, or filtered water can help prevent leaf browning and other issues. These plants are also great choices for bathrooms or kitchens due to their love of humidity.
Life Cycle
Calatheas are perennial plants that can live for several years with proper care. In their natural habitat, they go through cycles of active growth during warm, wet seasons and slower growth during cooler, drier periods. As houseplants, they typically have a period of active growth in spring and summer, followed by a period of dormancy in fall and winter. During the growing season, they produce new leaves and may occasionally flower. Proper care, including consistent moisture, humidity, and indirect light, is crucial for maintaining their growth cycle and overall health.
Are Calathea orbifolia Poisonous, Toxic
Calathea plants are generally considered non-toxic to humans, cats, and dogs. While ingestion may cause minor gastrointestinal upset, there are no severe toxic effects associated with these plants. However, it’s always best to prevent pets and children from chewing on or ingesting any houseplant. If ingestion occurs, monitor for any unusual symptoms and consult a healthcare professional or veterinarian if concerns arise. To prevent accidental ingestion, place Calatheas out of reach of pets and children.
Frequently Asked Questions
How often should I water my Calathea?
Water your Calathea when the top inch of soil feels dry. This is typically every 1-2 weeks, but can vary based on environmental conditions. Always use room temperature, filtered water.
Why are my Calathea’s leaves curling?
Leaf curling in Calatheas is often due to low humidity, underwatering, or exposure to direct sunlight. Increase humidity, adjust watering, and ensure the plant is in bright, indirect light.
How much light does a Calathea need?
Calatheas prefer bright, indirect light. They can tolerate lower light conditions but may lose their vibrant colors. Avoid direct sunlight as it can scorch the leaves.
Are Calatheas toxic to pets?
No, Calatheas are non-toxic to cats and dogs. However, it’s still best to keep pets from chewing on the plants to avoid potential digestive upset.
How do I increase humidity for my Calathea?
You can increase humidity by using a pebble tray, grouping plants together, using a humidifier, or misting the leaves regularly. Calatheas thrive in humidity levels of 60% or higher.
Why are my Calathea’s leaf edges turning brown?
Brown leaf edges on Calatheas are often caused by low humidity, using tap water (which contains minerals), or overfertilization. Use filtered water, increase humidity, and reduce fertilizer application.
How often should I fertilize my Calathea?
Fertilize your Calathea every 4-6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. Reduce or stop fertilizing in fall and winter.
Can Calatheas be propagated?
Yes, Calatheas can be propagated through division. The best time to divide is during repotting in spring. Ensure each division has roots and several leaves for the best chance of success.
How often should I repot my Calathea?
Repot your Calathea every 1-2 years or when it outgrows its current pot. The best time to repot is in spring or early summer during the active growing season.
Why are my Calathea’s leaves losing their color?
Loss of leaf color in Calatheas can be due to insufficient light, nutrient deficiencies, or aging. Ensure the plant receives bright, indirect light and is fertilized properly during the growing season.
Can I grow Calathea orbifolia indoors
Difficulty
Intermediate
Size
Medium
Light
Medium
Water
Medium
Flowering
Yes
Pet Safe
Yes
Air Purifier
Medium
Calathea spp botanical details
Common Name
Calathea orbifolia
Other Common Names
Prayer Plant, Zebra Plant, Rattlesnake Plant, Peacock Plant
Botanical Name
Calathea spp
Native Area
Tropical regions of the Americas, particularly Brazil
Family Name
Marantaceae
Plant Type
Perennial
Genus
Calathea
Kingdom
Plantae
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Is there anything else you can tell me?
Why did the Calathea go to therapy? It had too many ‘moving’ issues!