About Lemongrass
Lemongrass Introduction
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a tropical plant native to South and Southeast Asia. It is a tall, perennial grass that grows in clumps and is known for its distinctive citrusy aroma and flavor. The plant can reach heights of up to 3-5 feet (0.9-1.5 meters) and has long, slender leaves that are green in color and have a sharp edge.
Lemongrass is widely cultivated for its culinary and medicinal uses. The plant’s leaves and stalks contain essential oils that give it its characteristic lemon scent and taste. These oils are rich in compounds such as citral, which is responsible for the plant’s various health benefits and aromatic properties. In cooking, lemongrass is a staple ingredient in many Asian cuisines, particularly in Thai, Vietnamese, and Indian dishes.
Beyond its culinary applications, lemongrass has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The plant is also used in aromatherapy and the production of essential oils. Lemongrass is known for its ability to repel insects, making it a popular choice for natural pest control in gardens and outdoor spaces.
Lemongrass Care & Growing Guide
Caring for lemongrass is relatively straightforward, making it an excellent choice for both novice and experienced gardeners. To ensure healthy growth, lemongrass requires a few key elements: plenty of light, well-draining soil, and consistent moisture.
Lemongrass requires a sunny location that receives 6-8 hours of bright light a day. The plant thrives in warm, humid conditions. The soil should be rich in organic matter and well-draining to prevent waterlogging, which can lead to root rot.
Watering is crucial for lemongrass, as it prefers consistently moist soil. However, be careful not to overwater, as this can also lead to problems. A good rule of thumb is to water deeply when the top inch of soil feels dry. Fertilize your lemongrass plant every 4-6 weeks during the growing season with a well-balanced, organic fertilizer to promote healthy growth and abundant foliage. Regular harvesting of the leaves and stalks can help encourage bushier growth and maintain the plant’s shape.
Soil
Lemongrass thrives in well-draining, fertile soil rich in organic matter. The ideal soil composition is a rich mix that retains moisture while allowing excess water to drain freely. The optimal pH range for lemongrass is slightly acidic to neutral, between 6.0 and 7.0.
For best growth, amend the soil with compost or worm castings before planting. This not only improves soil structure but also provides essential nutrients. Lemongrass benefits from soil that is high in nitrogen, which promotes lush, green growth.
Soil problems to watch for include:
1. Poor drainage: Can lead to root rot. Improve by adding organic matter or pumice or perlite.
2. Compaction: Restricts root growth. Alleviate by aerating the soil and adding organic matter.
3. Inappropriate pH: Affects nutrient uptake. Adjust with lime (to raise pH) or soil sulfur (to lower pH).
4. Salt build-up: Can occur in container plants. Flush soil regularly with fresh water.
5. Nutrient deficiencies: Address with well-balanced organic fertilizer application or specific amendments.
6. Pot boundness: In containers, repot when roots become crowded.
Fertilizer
Lemongrass is a heavy feeder and benefits from regular fertilization during the growing season. Use a well-balanced, organic fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 5-5-5 or 10-10-10.
Fertilization schedule:
– Apply fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the active growing season (spring through fall).
– Reduce or stop fertilization in winter when growth slows.
Application method:
– Dilute liquid fertilizer according to package instructions and apply to moist soil.
– For granular fertilizers, create holes 2 inches deep and sprinkle the fertilizer into the holes and cover with soil, then water thoroughly.
Signs of over-fertilization:
– Burned or crispy leaf edges
– Excessive, leggy growth
– Salt buildup on soil surface
Signs of under-fertilization:
– Pale or yellowing leaves
– Slow growth
– Thin, weak stems
Organic alternatives:
– Compost tea
– Worm castings
– Seaweed extract
Specific nutrient requirements:
– Nitrogen is particularly important for lush, green growth.
– Iron deficiency can cause yellowing leaves (chlorosis).
To prevent nutrient imbalances, occasionally flush the soil with filtered water to remove any excess salts.
Watering
Lemongrass prefers consistently moist soil but is susceptible to root rot if overwatered. Water deeply when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. During hot, dry periods, this may mean watering 2-3 times a week. In cooler weather or during dormancy, reduce watering frequency.
Water quality: Lemongrass is not particularly fussy about water quality. Tap water is generally fine, but if your tap water is high in chlorine or other chemicals, consider using rain or filtered water or letting tap water sit out overnight before using.
Signs of underwatering:
– Drooping or wilting leaves
– Dry, crispy leaf tips
– Slowed growth
Signs of overwatering:
– Yellowing leaves
– Soft, mushy stems near the base
– Fungal growth on soil surface
Seasonal changes:
– Increase watering during hot, dry summer months
– Reduce watering in cooler months or during dormancy
Lighting
Lemongrass thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6-8 hours of direct light daily for optimal growth. It can tolerate partial shade but may become leggy and less flavorful with insufficient light.
Signs of insufficient light:
– Elongated, weak stems
– Pale or yellowing leaves
– Slow growth
– Reduced aroma and flavor
Signs of excessive light (rare but possible in extremely hot climates):
– Scorched or brown leaf tips
– Wilting despite adequate watering
To adjust lighting if natural conditions are suboptimal:
1. Use full-spectrum grow lights to supplement natural light.
2. In hot climates, provide afternoon shade to protect from intense sun.
3. Rotate plants regularly to ensure even light exposure.
4. Use reflective surfaces to increase light in shaded areas.
Temperature
Lemongrass thrives in warm temperatures, preferring a range between 70Β°F to 90Β°F (21Β°C to 32Β°C). It can tolerate temperatures as low as 50Β°F (10Β°C) but will stop growing and may show signs of stress below this point.
Ideal temperature range: 70Β°F to 90Β°F (21Β°C to 32Β°C)
Minimum temperature: 50Β°F (10Β°C)
Maximum temperature: Can tolerate brief periods up to 100Β°F (38Β°C) with adequate water
Tips for temperature management:
1. Keep lemongrass away from cold, drafty areas and air-conditioning vents.
2. Avoid letting lemongrass leaves touch cold windows.
3. Move to the coolest area of the house when temperatures are hot.
4. Provide afternoon shade to avoid heat stress.
5. Mulch around the base of the plant to help regulate soil temperature.
Lemongrass can tolerate some temperature fluctuations but prefers consistent warmth. Sudden drops in temperature can shock the plant.
Humidity
Lemongrass prefers moderate to high humidity levels, ideally between 40% to 60%. It can tolerate lower humidity but thrives in more humid conditions reminiscent of its tropical origins.
To increase humidity:
1. Use a pebble tray filled with water placed beneath the plant
2. Group plants together to create a microclimate
3. Use a room humidifier
4. Mist the leaves regularly, especially in dry indoor environments
To decrease humidity (rarely necessary):
1. Improve air circulation with fans
2. Reduce watering slightly
3. Move plants to a less humid area
Symptoms of low humidity stress:
– Brown leaf tips
– Curling leaves
– Increased susceptibility to pests like spider mites
Symptoms of high humidity stress (uncommon):
– Fungal growth on leaves or soil surface
– Soft, mushy growth at the base of the plant
Misting is moderately effective for lemongrass but should be combined with other methods for best results. Pebble trays and room humidifiers are generally more effective for maintaining consistent humidity levels.
Propagation
Lemongrass can be propagated through division or by rooting stalks in water. Here’s a step-by-step guide for both methods:
Method 1: Division
1. Choose a mature, healthy lemongrass plant.
2. Carefully dig up the entire clump.
3. Separate the clump into smaller sections, ensuring each has roots attached.
4. Trim the leaves to about 6 inches to reduce transpiration.
5. Replant the divisions in prepared soil or pots.
6. Water thoroughly and keep the soil consistently moist until new growth appears.
Method 2: Rooting Stalks in Water
1. Purchase fresh lemongrass stalks from a grocery store or harvest from an existing plant.
2. Trim the top leaves, leaving about 5 inches of stalk.
3. Place the stalks in a glass of water, with the base submerged.
4. Change the water every few days to prevent stagnation.
5. After 2-3 weeks, roots should develop.
6. Once roots are 2-3 inches long, plant in soil.
7. Keep the soil moist until the plant establishes.
Comparison of success rates:
– Division is generally more successful and produces larger plants more quickly.
– Rooting in water is easier but may have a lower success rate and takes longer to establish.
Best time to propagate: Spring to early summer, when the plant is actively growing.
Establishment time:
– Division: New growth usually appears within 2-4 weeks.
– Rooting in water: Roots develop in 2-3 weeks, with establishment in soil taking an additional 2-4 weeks.
Potting
Potting and repotting requirements for lemongrass:
Pot type: Use a container with adequate drainage holes. Terracotta pots are ideal as they allow soil to breathe.
Pot size: Start with a 12-inch pot for young plants. Mature plants may require 16-18 inch pots.
Drainage: Essential to prevent waterlogging. Add a layer of gravel or broken pottery shards at the bottom of the pot.
Soil composition: Use a well-draining potting mix. Combine equal parts potting soil, perlite, and compost for optimal growth.
Repotting frequency: Repot annually or when the plant becomes root-bound, typically every 1-2 years.
Signs that indicate repotting is needed:
– Roots growing out of drainage holes
– Water runs straight through the pot without being absorbed
– Plant seems top-heavy or unstable
– Growth slows despite adequate care
Repotting process:
1. Water the plant thoroughly a day before repotting.
2. Gently remove the plant from its current pot.
3. Inspect roots and trim any that are damaged or rotted.
4. Place fresh potting mix in the new container.
5. Position the plant at the same depth it was growing previously.
6. Fill around the roots with potting mix, firming gently.
7. Water thoroughly and place in a shaded area for a few days to recover.
Root pruning: Generally not necessary for lemongrass unless severely root-bound. If needed, trim no more than 25% of the root mass.
Transitioning to a new pot: Minimize stress by repotting in the evening or on a cloudy day. Keep the plant out of direct light for a few days after repotting.
Pruning
Pruning Lemongrass
Best Time for Pruning
Prune lemongrass during the active growing season, typically spring through early fall.
Frequency
Prune as needed to maintain shape and encourage bushier growth, usually 2-3 times per growing season.
Purpose
Pruning helps maintain plant size, promotes new growth, and allows for harvesting of leaves and stalks.
Tools Needed
– Sharp, clean pruning shears or scissors
– Gloves (optional, for protection against sharp leaf edges)
Step-by-Step Guide
1. Inspect the plant and identify dead, yellowing, or damaged leaves and stalks.
2. Cut off these unwanted parts at the base, as close to the main clump as possible.
3. For harvesting, cut stalks about 2 inches above the soil line.
4. To control height, cut back the entire plant to about 6 inches tall.
5. Remove any flower stalks if they appear, to focus energy on leaf production.
Aftercare
– Water the plant thoroughly after pruning.
– Apply a well-balanced fertilizer to encourage new growth.
– Monitor the plant for any signs of stress in the days following pruning.
Special Considerations
– Wear gloves and long sleeves to protect against the sharp leaf edges.
– Avoid pruning more than 1/3 of the plant at once to prevent stress.
– In colder climates, reduce pruning in late summer to allow the plant to prepare for dormancy.
Blooming
Lemongrass rarely blooms in cultivation, especially when grown for culinary or medicinal purposes. In its native habitat or under ideal conditions, it may produce small, inconspicuous flowers in late summer or early fall. The blooming period is typically short-lived and does not significantly impact the plant’s use or care. The flowers are usually pale in color and arranged in drooping panicles. Optimal conditions for blooming include full sun exposure, warm temperatures, and adequate moisture.
Pests and Diseases
Pests
Common issues
Spider mites
Mealybugs
Symptoms
Spider mites: Fine webbing on leaves, stippling on leaf surfaces
Mealybugs: White, cottony masses on stems and leaf joints, yellow patches on leaves.
Treatment
Spray plants with a strong stream of water to dislodge pests
Apply insecticidal soap or neem oil
Introduce natural predators like greenhouse ladybugs for biological control
Diseases
Common issues
Root rot
Leaf spot
Rust
Symptoms
Root rot: Wilting despite moist soil, yellowing leaves, soft and brown roots
Leaf spot: Brown or black spots on leaves, often with yellow halos
Rust: Orange or reddish-brown pustules on leaf undersides
Treatment
Root rot: Improve drainage, reduce watering, and remove affected parts. In severe cases, repot with fresh, sterile soil
Leaf spot: Remove affected leaves, improve air circulation, and avoid wetting leaves when watering.
Rust: Remove affected leaves and improve air circulation
Special Features
Lemongrass boasts several unique features that make it a valuable addition to any garden or home. Its most notable characteristic is its strong, citrusy aroma, which is released when the leaves are crushed or brushed against. This fragrance not only makes it a pleasant sensory plant but also serves as a natural insect repellent, particularly effective against mosquitoes. The plant’s tall, arching leaves create an attractive, fountain-like appearance, adding visual interest to landscapes or container gardens. Additionally, lemongrass is widely used in culinary applications, particularly in Southeast Asian cuisine, where its lemony flavor enhances soups, curries, and teas. Its essential oils are also used in aromatherapy and natural medicine, believed to have stress-reducing and digestive benefits.
Plant Benefits
Lemongrass offers numerous herbal and pharmaceutical benefits. It is rich in antioxidants and has anti-inflammatory properties. The plant is often used in traditional medicine to aid digestion, reduce fever, and alleviate anxiety. Its essential oil is believed to have antimicrobial and antifungal properties. In aromatherapy, lemongrass is used to promote relaxation and reduce stress. Some studies suggest it may help lower cholesterol and relieve pain. The plant is also a good source of vitamins A and C, folate, magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, and potassium.
Additional Information
Lemongrass is not only valued for its culinary and medicinal uses but also for its potential as a biofuel crop. Research is ongoing into its use as a source of cellulosic ethanol. The plant is also used in the production of natural pesticides and as an eco-friendly alternative in organic farming practices. In some cultures, lemongrass is believed to have spiritual properties and is used in cleansing rituals.
Life Cycle
Lemongrass is a perennial plant in tropical climates but is often grown as an annual in cooler regions. In its natural habitat, it grows year-round, forming large clumps that can persist for several years. The plant goes through cycles of active growth during warm, wet seasons and may become dormant or die back in cooler or drier periods. Lemongrass does not typically flower or set seed when cultivated, especially in non-tropical climates. Instead, it reproduces vegetatively through division of the root clumps. The plant reaches harvestable size within 3-4 months of planting and continues to produce new leaves and stalks throughout its growing season.
Are Lemongrass Poisonous, Toxic
Lemongrass is generally considered non-toxic to humans and pets. However, some individuals may experience skin irritation or allergic reactions when handling the plant or its oils. For cats, dogs, and children, lemongrass is not known to be toxic when ingested in small amounts. However, consuming large quantities may cause gastrointestinal upset.
Toxic parts: None specifically, but essential oils can be irritating if used improperly.
Affected organisms: Humans (rare cases of skin irritation), pets (if consumed in large amounts).
Symptoms of toxicity: Skin irritation, allergic reactions (in humans), gastrointestinal upset (if large amounts are consumed).
Severity: Generally low.
First aid steps: For skin irritation, wash the affected area with soap and water. If ingested and symptoms occur, contact a healthcare provider or veterinarian.
Preventive measures: Handle with care if you have sensitive skin, keep essential oils out of reach of children and pets, and use in moderation when cooking.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do you grow lemongrass?
Lemongrass can be grown from seed or propagated from stalks. Plant in well-draining soil in full sun. Water regularly and fertilize monthly during the growing season. It thrives in warm, humid conditions.
What are the benefits of lemongrass?
Lemongrass has various benefits including aiding digestion, reducing inflammation, relieving stress, and potentially lowering cholesterol. The herb is also used in cooking for its citrusy flavor and aroma.
How do you harvest lemongrass?
Harvest lemongrass by cutting stalks at ground level when they’re about 1/2 inch thick. For leaves, cut the top portion of the plant, leaving at least 6 inches of growth.
Is lemongrass annual or perennial?
Lemongrass is a perennial in tropical climates but is often grown as an annual in cooler regions. The plant can grow over the winter months indoors if temperatures are warm enough.
How tall does lemongrass grow?
Lemongrass can grow 3-5 feet tall and 2-3 feet wide in ideal conditions. In containers or cooler climates, it may remain smaller.
Can you eat raw lemongrass?
While lemongrass is edible raw, it’s typically too tough to eat as is. It’s usually chopped finely, crushed, or used to infuse flavors in dishes and then removed before eating.
Does lemongrass repel mosquitoes?
Yes, lemongrass contains citronella, a natural mosquito repellent. Planting lemongrass or using its oil can help deter mosquitoes from an area.
How often should you water lemongrass?
Water lemongrass deeply when the top inch of soil feels dry. This could be 2-3 times a week in hot weather or less frequently in cooler conditions. Ensure good drainage to prevent waterlogging.
Can lemongrass survive winter?
Lemongrass is not frost-hardy and won’t survive freezing temperatures.
What parts of lemongrass are edible?
The white, fleshy bases of the lemongrass stalks are most commonly used in cooking. The leaves can be used to make tea or as a flavoring in soups and stews, but are usually removed before eating.
Can I grow Lemongrass indoors
Difficulty
Easy
Size
Medium
Light
High
Water
Medium
Flowering
No
Pet Safe
Yes
Air Purifier
Low
Cymbopogon citratus botanical details
Common Name
Lemongrass
Other Common Names
West Indian lemongrass, Cochin grass, Oil grass, Fever grass
Botanical Name
Cymbopogon citratus
Native Area
South and Southeast Asia, including India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Malaysia
Family Name
Poaceae
Plant Type
Perennial grass
Genus
Cymbopogon
Kingdom
Plantae
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Is there anything else you can tell me?
Why did the lemongrass start a band? Because it wanted to be a rock star! (Get it? Lemongrass… rock… star?)