About Peacock Plant
Peacock Plant Introduction
The Peacock Plant (Calathea makoyana) is a stunning tropical perennial known for its ornate foliage that resembles the intricate patterns of a peacock’s feathers. Native to the rainforests of eastern Brazil, this plant has gained popularity as a houseplant due to its striking appearance and air-purifying qualities.
The Peacock Plant features large, oval-shaped leaves with intricate patterns of light and dark green, often with purple undersides. The leaves are marked with feather-like designs in various shades of green, creating a mesmerizing visual effect. This plant is part of the prayer plant family, known for its nyctinastic movement – the leaves fold up at night and open again in the morning, resembling hands folded in prayer.
In its natural habitat, the Peacock Plant can grow up to 2 feet tall and wide. As a houseplant, it typically remains smaller, making it an ideal choice for indoor spaces. The plant’s unique foliage and air-purifying abilities make it a popular choice for home decor, offices, and other indoor environments where it can add a touch of tropical elegance.
Peacock Plant Care & Growing Guide
Caring for a Peacock Plant requires attention to detail and a commitment to maintaining proper environmental conditions. These plants are known for being somewhat finicky, but with the right care, they can thrive and become stunning focal points in any indoor space.
First and foremost, the Peacock Plant prefers bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch its delicate leaves, while too little light can cause the plant to lose its vibrant colors. A north or east-facing window is often ideal. The plant also requires high humidity, similar to its native rainforest environment. Regular misting, using a pebble tray, or placing a humidifier nearby can help maintain the necessary moisture levels.
Watering is another crucial aspect of Peacock Plant care. The soil should be kept consistently moist but not waterlogged. It’s best to water when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Use room temperature water, as cold water can shock the plant’s roots. Peacock Plants are also sensitive to chemicals commonly found in tap water, so using distilled or rainwater is recommended.
Fertilization, temperature control, and occasional pruning are also important factors in maintaining a healthy Peacock Plant. Regular feeding during the growing season, keeping temperatures between 60-75Β°F (15-24Β°C), and removing any yellow or damaged leaves will help ensure your plant remains vibrant and healthy. With proper care and attention, your Peacock Plant can be a stunning and long-lasting addition to your indoor garden.
Soil
The Peacock Plant thrives in well-draining, rich, and slightly acidic soil. The ideal soil composition is a mix of peat moss, perlite, and regular potting soil in equal parts. This combination provides good aeration, moisture retention, and nutrient availability. The optimal pH range for Peacock Plants is between 6.0 and 6.5, slightly on the acidic side.
Good drainage is crucial for preventing root rot, a common issue with these plants. The soil should retain some moisture but allow excess water to drain freely. Adding orchid bark or coarse sand to the mix can improve drainage.
Peacock Plants benefit from soil rich in organic matter. Adding compost or well-rotted manure can enhance soil fertility. However, avoid using heavy, clay-like soils that can become compacted and hinder root growth.
Soil problems to watch out for include:
1. Poor drainage: Can lead to root rot and fungal diseases.
2. Compaction: Restricts root growth and oxygen availability.
3. Inappropriate pH: Can affect nutrient uptake.
4. Salt build-up: Often from over-fertilization, can damage roots.
5. Nutrient deficiencies: May occur in poor-quality soils.
6. Root boundness: Can occur if the plant outgrows its pot, restricting nutrient and water uptake.
Regularly checking the soil condition and repotting when necessary can help avoid these issues and maintain optimal growing conditions for your Peacock Plant.
Fertilizer
Peacock Plants benefit from regular fertilization during their active growing season, typically from spring to early fall. Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half the recommended strength every 2-4 weeks.
Choose a fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 3-1-2 or 5-2-3, which provides a good balance of nutrients for foliage growth. Alternatively, you can use a fertilizer specifically formulated for tropical plants.
Signs of over-fertilization include:
– Brown or burnt leaf tips
– Wilting despite adequate watering
– White crust on soil surface
– Stunted growth
Signs of under-fertilization include:
– Pale or yellowing leaves (especially older leaves)
– Slow or stunted growth
– Smaller new leaves
Organic fertilizer alternatives include:
– Compost tea
– Worm castings
– Fish emulsion (use sparingly due to strong odor)
Peacock Plants are particularly sensitive to fluoride and can develop brown leaf tips if exposed to high levels. If using tap water, let it sit out overnight before using it to water or mix with fertilizer.
During the winter months, when growth slows, reduce fertilization to once every 6-8 weeks or stop altogether.
If you notice signs of nutrient deficiency, such as yellowing leaves or stunted growth, consider using a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in addition to your regular feeding schedule. Always water the plant thoroughly before applying fertilizer to prevent root burn.
Watering
Peacock Plants prefer consistently moist soil but are sensitive to overwatering. The key is to keep the soil lightly moist, never allowing it to dry out completely or become waterlogged. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch.
These plants are sensitive to chemicals often found in tap water. Ideally, use distilled water, rainwater, or water that has been left out overnight to allow chlorine to evaporate. Room temperature water is best, as cold water can shock the roots.
Signs of underwatering include drooping leaves, curling leaf edges, and brown, crispy spots. Overwatering symptoms include yellowing leaves, soft, mushy stems near the soil line, and mold on the soil surface.
Watering needs may change seasonally. During the growing season (spring and summer), the plant may need more frequent watering. In winter, when growth slows, reduce watering frequency but don’t allow the soil to dry out completely.
Humidity is as important as watering for Peacock Plants. Regular misting or use of a pebble tray can help maintain the high humidity these plants prefer. However, be cautious not to let water sit on the leaves for extended periods, as this can lead to fungal issues.
Lighting
The Peacock Plant thrives in bright, indirect light. It’s best to place it near a north or east-facing window where it can receive filtered sunlight. While these plants can tolerate lower light conditions, they may lose their vibrant leaf coloration and patterns in insufficient light.
Direct sunlight should be avoided as it can scorch the leaves and cause the colors to fade. If you notice the leaves curling or developing brown spots, it may be receiving too much direct light. On the other hand, if the plant’s growth becomes leggy or the leaf patterns become less pronounced, it might need more light.
If natural light conditions are suboptimal, you can supplement with artificial lighting. Fluorescent or LED grow lights can be used to provide the necessary light intensity. Place the lights about 6-12 inches above the plant and keep them on for 12-14 hours a day.
In offices or rooms with limited natural light, rotating the plant regularly can ensure all sides receive equal light exposure. Remember, while Peacock Plants can adapt to lower light conditions, they won’t thrive or display their best colors without adequate, albeit indirect, brightness.
Temperature
Peacock Plants thrive in warm, stable temperatures ranging from 60Β°F to 75Β°F (15Β°C to 24Β°C). They can tolerate slightly higher temperatures but struggle in cooler conditions. Consistency is key; these plants don’t respond well to sudden temperature fluctuations.
In temperatures below 60Β°F (15Β°C), growth may slow, and leaves can develop brown edges or spots. Prolonged exposure to temperatures below 55Β°F (13Β°C) can cause significant damage or even plant death.
Conversely, while Peacock Plants can handle temperatures up to 85Β°F (29Β°C), they may show signs of stress in consistently hot conditions, such as drooping or curling leaves.
To protect your Peacock Plant from extreme temperatures:
1. Keep it away from drafty windows and doors in winter.
2. Avoid placing it near air conditioning vents or heaters.
3. Use a thermometer to monitor the temperature in the plant’s location.
4. In summer, if outdoors, provide shade and increased humidity to combat heat stress.
5. During winter, consider using a heat mat to maintain a warm root zone if room temperatures drop.
Remember, Peacock Plants are sensitive to cold drafts and sudden temperature changes. When moving the plant or opening windows, do so gradually to allow the plant to acclimate to any temperature shifts.
Humidity
Peacock Plants thrive in high humidity environments, ideally between 60% to 80%. This mimics their natural tropical habitat. Maintaining proper humidity is crucial for the health and appearance of the plant’s foliage.
To increase humidity:
1. Use a pebble tray filled with water placed beneath the plant pot.
2. Mist the leaves regularly, preferably in the morning to allow water to evaporate during the day.
3. Group plants together to create a microclimate with higher humidity.
4. Use a room humidifier, especially in dry climates or during winter months when indoor air tends to be drier.
To decrease humidity (rarely necessary for Peacock Plants):
1. Improve air circulation with fans.
2. Reduce misting frequency.
3. Move the plant to a less humid area of your home.
Symptoms of low humidity stress include:
– Brown, crispy leaf edges
– Curling leaves
– Leaf drop
– Slowed growth
Symptoms of excessively high humidity (though rare) can include:
– Fungal growth on leaves or soil
– Soft, mushy areas on leaves
Among humidifying methods, room humidifiers are often most effective for maintaining consistent humidity levels. Pebble trays and misting can be helpful supplements but may not be sufficient on their own in very dry environments. Regular monitoring with a hygrometer can help ensure optimal humidity levels for your Peacock Plant.
Propagation
Propagating Peacock Plants is typically done through division. Here’s a step-by-step guide:
1. Choose a healthy, mature plant for propagation.
2. Water the plant thoroughly a day before division to reduce stress.
3. Carefully remove the plant from its pot.
4. Gently shake off excess soil to expose the root system.
5. Look for natural divisions in the root ball or separate sections with multiple stems.
6. Using clean, sharp scissors or a knife, cut through the roots to separate the divisions.
7. Ensure each division has a good portion of roots and at least 2-3 leaves.
8. Prepare new pots with fresh, well-draining potting mix.
9. Plant each division in its new pot, burying the roots to the same depth as before.
10. Water thoroughly and place in a warm, humid location with indirect light.
11. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
12. After 4-6 weeks, you should see new growth, indicating successful propagation.
The best time to propagate Peacock Plants is in spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing. It typically takes 2-3 months for new plants to establish well.
While division is the most reliable method, some gardeners have success with stem cuttings in water. However, this method has a lower success rate and takes longer.
Propagation by seeds is possible but rarely done as it’s time-consuming and seeds can be difficult to obtain.
Remember to be gentle throughout the process, as Peacock Plants have delicate root systems. Providing high humidity and consistent warmth will greatly increase your chances of successful propagation.
Potting
Peacock Plants prefer pots that provide ample drainage and room for growth. Choose a pot 1-2 inches larger in diameter than the current one when repotting. Ensure the new pot has drainage holes to prevent water accumulation.
Ideal pot materials include:
– Terracotta: Provides good air circulation but dries out quickly
– Plastic: Retains moisture well, good for those who tend to underwater
– Ceramic: Offers a balance between moisture retention and breathability
The soil composition should be light and well-draining. A mix of 1 part peat moss, 1 part perlite, and 1 part regular potting soil works well.
Repot your Peacock Plant every 1-2 years, or when you notice:
– Roots growing out of drainage holes
– Plant becoming top-heavy or easily tipping over
– Soil drying out much faster than usual
– Slowed growth despite proper care
To repot:
1. Water the plant a day before to reduce stress.
2. Gently remove the plant from its current pot.
3. Inspect roots and trim any that are dead or rotting.
4. Place fresh potting mix in the new pot.
5. Position the plant in the new pot, ensuring it’s at the same depth as before.
6. Fill in with more potting mix, gently tamping down to remove air pockets.
7. Water thoroughly and place in a location with bright, indirect light.
Avoid repotting during the plant’s dormant winter period. Spring is the ideal time for repotting as the plant enters its active growth phase.
After repotting, the plant may show signs of stress such as drooping leaves. This is normal and should resolve within a week or two as the plant adjusts to its new home.
Pruning
Pruning Needs and Techniques for Peacock Plants
Best Time for Pruning
Spring and early summer, during the active growing season.
Frequency
As needed, typically 2-3 times per year.
Purpose
To remove damaged or yellowing leaves, control size, and promote bushier growth.
Tools Needed
- Clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears
- Rubbing alcohol for sterilization
Step-by-Step Guide
- Sterilize your pruning tools with rubbing alcohol.
- Identify leaves that are yellowing, browning, or damaged.
- Cut these leaves off at the base where they meet the stem.
- For size control, cut back longer stems to your desired length.
- Make cuts just above a leaf node to encourage new growth.
- Remove any dead or dying stems completely.
- Step back periodically to ensure you’re maintaining a balanced shape.
Aftercare
After pruning, water the plant lightly and place it in a humid area with indirect light. Avoid fertilizing for a couple of weeks to prevent stress.
Special Considerations
Peacock Plants are sensitive to over-pruning. Never remove more than 25% of the plant’s foliage at once. If extensive pruning is needed, spread it out over several sessions a few weeks apart.
Blooming
The Peacock Plant rarely blooms indoors. In its natural habitat, it may produce small, inconspicuous white or purple flowers on short spikes, typically in spring or summer. The blooming period is usually brief and infrequent. Optimal conditions for blooming include high humidity, warm temperatures, and bright indirect light. However, the plant is primarily grown for its foliage rather than its flowers.
Pests and Diseases
Pests
Common issues
Spider mites
Mealybugs
Scale insects
Fungus gnats
Symptoms
Spider mites: Fine webbing on leaves, tiny moving dots, stippled or yellowing leaves
Mealybugs: White, cottony masses on leaves and stems
Scale: Small, brown, shell-like bumps on stems and leaves
Fungus gnats: Small flies around the plant, larvae in the soil
Treatment
Isolate infected plants to prevent spread
For spider mites and mealybugs: Wipe leaves with insecticidal soap or neem oil solution
For scale: Remove manually with a soft cloth dipped in soapy water, then treat with neem oil
For fungus gnats: Allow soil to dry between waterings, use sticky traps, and consider replacing top layer of soil
Diseases
Common issues
Root rot
Leaf spot diseases
Powdery mildew
Symptoms
Root rot: Yellowing leaves, wilting, soft and brown roots
Leaf spot: Brown or black spots on leaves, often with yellow halos
Powdery mildew: White, powdery substance on leaves
Treatment
Root rot: Remove affected parts, repot in fresh, well-draining soil, and reduce watering
Leaf spot: Remove affected leaves, improve air circulation, avoid wetting leaves when watering
Powdery mildew: Increase air circulation, reduce humidity, apply fungicide if severe
Special Features
The Peacock Plant is renowned for its stunning foliage, featuring intricate patterns that resemble peacock feathers. Its leaves perform nyctinastic movements, folding up at night and opening during the day, earning it a place in the ‘prayer plant’ family. This plant is also known for its air-purifying qualities, helping to remove indoor air pollutants.
Plant Benefits
While the Peacock Plant is not typically used for herbal or pharmaceutical purposes, it does offer air-purifying benefits. It can help remove indoor air pollutants such as formaldehyde, xylene, and toluene, contributing to a healthier indoor environment. The plant’s striking appearance also provides aesthetic benefits, potentially reducing stress and improving mood through its natural beauty.
Additional Information
The Peacock Plant is part of the Marantaceae family, also known as the arrowroot family. This family is known for its rhizomatous herbs with colorful, patterned leaves. In its natural habitat, the Peacock Plant plays a role in the understory ecosystem of tropical forests. While it’s primarily grown as an ornamental houseplant, in some cultures, other members of the Calathea genus have been used in traditional crafts and ceremonies.
Life Cycle
The Peacock Plant is a perennial that goes through distinct growth phases. In spring and summer, it experiences active growth, producing new leaves and potentially spreading via rhizomes. During fall and winter, growth slows as the plant enters a semi-dormant state. Throughout its life, the plant requires consistent moisture, high humidity, and protection from direct sunlight. With proper care, a Peacock Plant can live for several years, continually producing new leaves while older ones naturally die off.
Are Peacock Plant Poisonous, Toxic
The Peacock Plant (Calathea makoyana) is non-toxic to cats, dogs, and humans. No parts of the plant are known to be poisonous if ingested. However, as with any non-food plant, ingestion may cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets or children. While severe toxicity is not a concern, it’s still advisable to keep the plant out of reach of pets and children to prevent any potential digestive issues or damage to the plant. If large quantities are ingested, monitor for signs of stomach upset and consult a veterinarian or doctor if symptoms persist. To prevent any issues, consider placing the plant in an area that’s inaccessible to pets and children, or use deterrent sprays to discourage pets from chewing on the leaves.
Frequently Asked Questions
How often should I water my Peacock Plant?
Water your Peacock Plant when the top inch of soil feels dry. This is typically every 5-7 days, but can vary based on environmental conditions. Always use room temperature water and avoid letting the plant sit in standing water.
What kind of light does a Peacock Plant need?
Peacock Plants thrive in bright, indirect light. They should be kept away from direct sunlight, which can scorch their leaves. A north or east-facing window is often ideal.
Is the Peacock Plant toxic to pets?
No, the Peacock Plant is not toxic to cats, dogs, or other pets. However, it’s still best to keep plants out of reach to prevent any digestive upset from ingestion.
How can I increase humidity for my Peacock Plant?
You can increase humidity by misting the plant regularly, using a pebble tray filled with water, grouping plants together, or using a room humidifier.
Why are the leaves on my Peacock Plant turning brown?
Brown leaves can be caused by several factors including low humidity, overwatering, underwatering, or exposure to direct sunlight. Check your care routine and adjust accordingly.
How often should I fertilize my Peacock Plant?
Fertilize your Peacock Plant every 2-4 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength. Reduce or stop fertilization in fall and winter.
Can I propagate my Peacock Plant?
Yes, Peacock Plants can be propagated through division. The best time to do this is during repotting in the spring. Carefully separate the plant into sections, ensuring each has roots and leaves.
How often should I repot my Peacock Plant?
Repot your Peacock Plant every 1-2 years, or when it outgrows its current pot. The best time to repot is in the spring, at the beginning of the growing season.
Why are the leaves on my Peacock Plant curling?
Leaf curling can be a sign of underwatering, low humidity, or exposure to cold drafts. Ensure your plant is getting enough water, increase humidity if needed, and keep it away from cold air sources.
Does the Peacock Plant flower?
While Peacock Plants can produce small, inconspicuous flowers in their natural habitat, they rarely bloom when grown as houseplants. They are primarily grown for their attractive foliage.
Can I grow Peacock Plant indoors
Difficulty
Intermediate
Size
Medium
Light
Medium
Water
Medium
Flowering
No
Pet Safe
Yes
Air Purifier
Medium
Calathea makoyana botanical details
Common Name
Peacock Plant
Other Common Names
Cathedral Windows, Goeppertia makoyana
Botanical Name
Calathea makoyana
Native Area
Eastern Brazil
Family Name
Marantaceae
Plant Type
Perennial
Genus
Calathea
Kingdom
Plantae
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Is there anything else you can tell me?
Why did the Peacock Plant refuse to go to the party? Because it was too busy praying! (Remember, it’s part of the ‘prayer plant’ family!)